|
Tal Afar , ((トルコ語:Telafer)) (pronounced /ta.la.fer/), also known as Tal'Afar, Tall Afar, Tell Afar or Tel Afar, is a city and district in northwestern Iraq in the Nineveh Province located approximately 63 km west of Mosul,〔 52 km east of Sinjar〔(google maps, Tel Afar ). Retrieved 8 May 2015.〕 and 200 km north west of Kirkuk. While no official census data exists, the city which had been assessed to have a population of approximately 200,000, had dropped to 80,000, as of 2007,〔(The Real Surge Story (Washington Post) )〕 nearly all of whom are Iraqi Turkmen. In Tal Afar itself, the population is mostly Turkmen, about 75 per cent of whom were Sunni Muslims, while a quarter were Shi’ites. While most residents can speak Arabic, Iraqi Turkmen, a Turkic language, is the most common language used throughout the city. However, in late 2015, ''The Economist'' reported that the city is mainly populated by Arabs. ==History== southwest of the town of Tal Afar are the mounds of Yarim Tepe which yielded remains from the Halafian culture from the Hassuna, Halaf and Ubaid periods, between 7,000 and 4,500 BC.〔Encyclopedia of Prehistory, by Peter N. Peregrine, Melvin Ember, Inc., Human Relations Area Files, Pg 149.〕〔Dictionary of the Ancient Near East By Piotr Bienkowski, A. R. Millard, Yarim Tepe, 2000, Pg 326〕 Tal Afar has been thought to be a city mentioned in the Bible, Telassar or Thela'sar, mentioned in 2 Kings 19:12 and in Isaiah 37:12 as a city inhabited by "the children of Eden" which had been conquered and was held at the time of the Sennacherib by the Assyrians.〔The People's Bible Encyclopedia By Charles Randall Barnes, Telas'sar or Thela'sar, 1910, pg 1085〕 Austen Henry Layard visited Tal Afar and wrote about his experience there in several of his books. In ''Nineveh and its remains'' published in 1867, Layard writes: “After Hafiz Pasha’s expedition in 1837 Tall ‘Afar was occupied permanently by Turkish troops and started to be used as a base to control the movements of a number of the Yazidi tribes of eastern Sinjar. In the 1880s Tall ‘Afar became an administrative unit depending on the Sinjar ''qadha''." 〔The Other Kurds: Yazidis in Colonial Iraq By Nelida Fuccaro, 1999, pg 33.〕 Sometime during the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman Turkish Army founded the city as a sole military outpost constructed on top of a hill. Remains of the fortress can still be seen today. Also garrisoned at the fortress were Turkmen members of the Daloodi tribe who following the withdrawal of the Ottoman Army became the first civilian occupants of the town built around the fortress. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Tal Afar was included in Iraq. In 1920, Tal Afar was used as a base of operations for a planned revolt against the then ruling British.〔A History of Iraq By Charles Tripp, Pg. 40〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tal Afar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|